EENG 201/202
Home
Documents
Topics
Resources
Links
Back

EENG 201/202: Supplemental Material

Rick Cox, Claudio Talarico, Gonzaga University

Motivation

Mathematical Background

Matlab

NodeVr

NodeVr is a MATLAB program that solves resistive networks with constant sources using node voltage analysis.
It provides node voltages relative to a reference node and voltage, current and power supplied or absorbed
for all circuit elements.

Gentle introduction to linear circuit theory

  • Definition of circuit (Ref.: M.E. Van Valkenburg)

    • An electric circuit consists of electric elements (the components) interconnected in some specific way

    • A loop (or closed loop) is a path starting at a given point of the circuit and eventually returning to the same point

    • A node is a junction at which two or more circuit elements are connected together

  • Kirchoff's rules (topology vs. constitutive equations) - (Ref.: W. Siebert)

    • KVL and KCL are approximations following from Maxwell equations. KVL and KCL are a good approximation provided that
      the circuit is designed so that the voltages and currents are changed sufficiently slowly that all significant e.m. energy
      is stored inside the elements (the energy is “lumped”).
      KCL and KVL express constraints about the circuit's interconnections (they provide no information about the type of elements
      interconnected)

    • In order to completely solve a circuit (that is to find the voltage and current for each element in the circuit)
      beside KVL and KCL we need to know the relation that links the voltage and current of each element (these relations are called
      constitutive equations or constitutive constraints).

LTspice

LTspice is developed by Linear Technology.
It provides free schematic capture, circuit simulator, waveform viewer and it works on Windows, MAC and Linux/Unix platforms

  • Download LTspice from Linear Technology's homepage

  • Example #1 (Getting started with LTspice) - voltage divider with DC source: video and notes

  • Concise guide to LTspice: “this is all you really need to know” video and notes

  • Example #2 - current divider with DC sweeped source (exporting the simulation data): video and notes

  • Example #3 - parameterized voltage divider with sinusoidal source: video and notes

  • Example #4 - independent PULSE source and VCCS: video and notes

  • Example #5 - CCCS: video and notes

  • Example #6 - DC TF analysis for ideal op. amp based inverting amplifier video and notes

  • Example #7 - resistive circuit with ideal switch (creating a symbol for the ideal switch) video and notes

    • LTspice files used in the video

  • Other helpful resources:

Importing LTspice simulations in Matlab

EM fields and fluxes

  • Coulomb law, notions of electric field and electric flux

    • common charge distribution symmetries (parallel plates capacitace)

  • Electric current as source of magnetism, notions of magnetic field and magnetic flux

    • magnetic field in a solenoid (inductance)

  • Maxwell equations vs. Kirchoff equations (Walter Lewin: MIT 8.002)

    • non conservative fields (violation of KVL)

Lumped vs. distributed circuits

  • Lumped matter abstraction model (Agarwal: MIT 6.002)

  • Distributed matter abstraction model

    • Transmission lines vs. wires (Alan Cheville: Bucknell)

Structured Design-Oriented Analysis of Circuits

  • Low Entropy Expressions: the key to Design-Oriented Analysis: (Ref.: D. Middlebrook))

  • Doing the algebra on the circuit: (Ref.: D. Middlebrook)

Thevenin and Norton Transformations

Capacitor and Inductors

  • “Intuitive” analogies to illustrate the behavior of capacitors and inductors

Response of first order circuits

  • The “mathematical” approach

  • Intuitive approach (circuit's designers approach)

Response of second order circuits

  • RLC resonant circuits (series/parallel transformations, Q, ...)

Common applications of first and econd order circuits

  • (B. Boser: ee40 UC Berkeley)

  • Capacitive and inductive loops and “fast” exchanges of energy (Dirac impulses)

  • SC circuits

Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems

  • Signals

  • Systems

  • I/O relationship of LTI systems

  • Circuits response (natural, forced, concept of state)

  • Laplace Transform (S. Boyd: ee102 Stanford)

  • Fourier Series

  • Fourier Transform

  • Transfer functions, frequency response, Bode plots (M.E. Van Valkenburg: ch.3)